Necessary Books to Read About Palestine Israel
palestine
learn virtually what'southward happening in palestine, and how to help
introduction
palestine is a country located in the levant in western asia. it borders lebanon, syria, jordan, and arab republic of egypt. currently, information technology is being occupied past the state of israel, a jewish ethnostate established past zionists in 1948.
note: this carrd should not be the but thing you read to brainwash yourself nigh palestine, it is only meant to be a short introductory source for people who don't know palestinian history and politics. i've linked boosted sources and further readings you can bank check out here.
also cheque out decolonize palestine which is much more detailed than this carrd. the website is made by palestinians and covers palestinian history/politics and also debunks mutual zionist myths.
contents and navigation
basics
history
current day
bds movement
how to aid
donations
nuts
is this a religious conflict?
what is zionism?
what are the 2 solutions?
is 'palestine vs israel' a religious conflict?
while organized religion certainly plays a function, it is more about credo. people who reduce palestine vs state of israel to a religious conflict are misinformed at all-time and intentionally distorting facts to suit their own agenda at worst. many people, in the west peculiarly, think of this as a 'muslim vs jewish' religious conflict between two people, only that is simply untrue.
for i, not all palestinians are muslims — many are also christians, druze, samaritans, besides every bit doubter and atheists. palestinian jews besides exist. non all jewish people are religious either, and many jews are also atheists. rather than a religious disharmonize, it's one of imperialism and settler-colonialism. framing information technology as a religious conflict between muslims and jews can also lead to islamophobia or antisemitism.
what is zionism?
zionism is a racist settler-colonial ideology that advocates for a jewish ethnostate built on palestinian land. zionism as an ideology is inherently anti-palestine because it is simply feasible through the ethnic cleansing and constant uprooting of the palestinian people. zionist founders admitted that zionism is a settler-colonial project and that in order for a jewish state to be established, the palestinians need to exist ethnically cleansed from their homes and homeland.
i recommend reading the diaries and writings of early zionist founders — theodor herzl, ze'ev jabotinsky, david ben-gurion, and more than, to understand how they advocated for indigenous cleansing of palestinians.
for a jewish state to exist, there needs to be a jewish demographic majority; this means that palestinians will never be given the right of return. despite what zionists claim, palestinians will as well never be equal citizens under the state of israel — liberation is the only solution to peace.
is anti-zionism antisemitic?
no. anti-zionism is a stance taken past palestinians, and by non-palestinians in solidarity with the palestinian people. while some anti-zionists tin be antisemitic (only every bit some zionists can be antisemitic), the position itself is not. information technology is also not antisemitic to criticize israeli policies.
ilan pappé, an anti-zionist jewish israeli historian, explains in meliorate detail on why anti-zionism is not antisemitism in this debate — 'fence: anti-zionism is anti-semitism'. it'southward an hr long debate that i really recommend watching.
antisemitism is weaponized against palestinians and allies who stand up for palestinian human rights by zionists every bit a way to shut downwardly criticism of state of israel. by saying that anti-zionism is antisemitism, zionists label all palestinians as antisemites for not wanting to be oppressed, besides as anyone who supports palestinian human rights.
what are the two 'solutions'?
today, there are two main "solutions" — the two-state solution, and the one-land solution.
two-land solution
the two-state solution advocates for both israel and palestine to be alongside one another as sovereign states. however, this solution is non actually a solution at all because it is merely some other form of zionism, and israel has never shown any interest in allowing a palestinian state to be. palestinians lose more and more land every day, and israel has repeatedly shown that it has no plans to cease building illegal settlements in the west bank. even if a two-country solution were to get a reality, palestinians would nevertheless be at a major disadvantage and in constant threat.
1-state solution
the one-land solution (either a palestinian state, or a complete israeli country) advocates for ane country in which both arabs and jews tin live together. however, a one-state solution nether the israeli government would essentially mean that the palestinian people would completely be nether the state of israel in every way imaginable.
one palestinian state would mean palestinian liberation, and the consummate abolishment of the state of israel. this mode is the only way towards justice; both arabs and jews can alive together without an ideology that specifically advocates for the ethnic cleansing of one of them. palestinians would exist allowed to return home, and millions of palestinians would non accept to live under occupation and apartheid.
books:
— palestine: a four thousand twelvemonth history by nur masalha
— the indigenous cleansing of palestine past ilan pappé
— the question of palestine past edward said
— the hundred years' war on palestine by rashid khalidi
— x myths about israel by ilan pappé
— unfree in palestine past nadia abu-zahra and adah kay
— palestinian identity by rashid khalidi
— the origins of palestinian nationalism past muhammad muslih
— justice for some past noura erakat
— the palestine nakba by nur masalha
documentaries:
1948: cosmos & catastrophe (andy trimlett, ahlam muhtaseb)
5 broken cameras (emad burnat, guy davidi)
jenin, jenin (mohammed bakri)
gaza fights for freedom (abby martin)
history:
historic palestine
kickoff of zionist colonization
balfour declaration
ethnic cleansing begins
nakba of 1948
six-day war
the starting time intifada
oslo accords
the second intifada
palestine in aboriginal history
a common zionist talking signal is that palestine did not exist until the british mandate. however, this point is easily refuted past the countless historical documents and other evidence that evidence otherwise.
the name palestine (filastin in standard arabic) was starting time documented more than 3200 years agone. the name was used by aboriginal egyptians, ancient assyrians, the romans, as well equally the greeks.
there is countless material bear witness (documents, maps, historical records, messages) that use the proper noun palestine. information technology has been used consistently from ancient history to current day.
"didn't arabs colonize the levant in the 7th century?"
this is another pop zionist talking bespeak; "the jews were exiled, and the arabs colonized the levant so really, it's palestinians that are the real colonizers."
what people who utilize this talking point do not understand is that palestinians, along with many other shami (levantine) arabs, are an arabized people. they are not the arabs who colonized the levant, but are indeed function of the indigenous levantine population. they are people who simply began to identify as arabs after a long menstruation of arabization took place.
what this means is that palestinian arabs are the same people that have living in palestine for thousands of years. their identifying as arabs does not brand them any less indigenous to the country.
the offset of zionist colonization in palestine
arabs and jews have lived aslope ane another for centuries in palestine and other neighbouring countries. zionists, however, began moving to palestine in the 1800s with the sole intent of establishing a jewish ethnostate — the state of israel. these zionists did not intend to live peacefully alongside the palestinian people, but rather they saw them as an obstacle they had to get rid of in order to establish a jewish state.
zionism began as a christian colonial project back in the early 1800s. the middle due east was located at a prime strategic point; many european leaders, such as napolean, were interested in establishing an ally in the region that would ultimately benefit their own imperialist interests.
later on, zionism was adopted by a small number of the jewish population in europe. many jewish zionist figures, such as theodor herzl and david ben-gurion, admitted that for a jewish state to be, the native palestinian population had to exist dealt with; pregnant, a jewish country could not exist with a palestinian majority population.
these zionist figures likewise admitted that zionism was a colonial project; the word 'colonial' was even used in the names of early zionist organizations in mandate palestine. they understood the colonial nature of zionism; they just didn't intendance how it afflicted the native palestinian people.
in 1902, theodor herzl approached several european leaders and regime figures to gather back up for establishing a jewish country. one person he wrote to was cecil rhodes, a man who played a major part in annexing territory in southern africa.
zionist settlers in palestine
zionist settlers began moving to palestine in the late 1800s, and one of the first things they did was begin buying land. this land was mainly bought from absentee farmers and landowners — even then, it only amounted to seven% of the total land in palestine. the jewish population in palestine as well amounted to less than x% of the full population at the time.
these zionists knew that with but 7% of the land and less than ten% of the population, it was impossible to build a jewish state. zionist leaders knew that to establish a jewish demographic majority, the palestinian population had to be ethnically apple-pie from the land.
prominent zionists, such as theodor herzl, vladimir jabotinsky, and max nordau repeatedly referred to zionism as colonialism, and talked almost ethnic cleansing of palestinians.
the balfour announcement
in november 1917, during the first world state of war, the balfour declaration was issued by britain's foreign secretary, arthur balfour. this was a letter sent past balfour to lord rothschild, a prominent zionist, ensuring u.k.'s support for the establishment of a jewish land in palestine.
the balfour declaration was substantially i of the outset steps taken past europe towards edifice a jewish state. it was issued in blatant disregard of the native population, and did not take the palestinian people and their wishes into account whatsoever.
subsequently the balfour annunciation, zionist settlers began moving to palestine in larger numbers and began building more and more than colonies — near of them in northern palestine, and also forth coastal areas. between 1917 and 1947, thousands of zionist settlers moved from europe to palestine. past 1947, a year before the nakba, the jewish population was around 33%.
the ethnic cleansing begins
the ethnic cleansing of palestinians had been planned for years. throughout the 1930s, zionists began an hugger-mugger survey of arab villages; this included aerial photographs, a detailed registry, and precise layouts of palestinian villages.
zionists also compiled an annal that included in incredibly precise detail: locations of villages, their religious affiliations, names of men living there, villages' relationships with one another, and a list of anyone who had retaliated against zionists or jews at whatsoever point.
although palestinians were existence uprooted from their homes for years at this point, the ethnic cleansing itself began largely in december 1947, when palestinian villages and neighbourhoods began to be attacked.
in february 1948, five palestinian villages were emptied by the haganah, the zionist paramilitary force, in one single day. in march and april, more than 250,000 palestinians were exiled from their homes.
plan dalet
on the 10th of march in 1948, program dalet was adopted by the haganah; this was a detailed program to ethnically cleanse palestine of its native population.
tactics and methods included: laying siege, bombing villages, setting burn down to homes and properties, expulsion, and planting mines in the rubble of destroyed homes so that palestinians could not return. rape was another tactic that they used; many palestinians fled their villages in fear of the women in their families being raped by zionist soldiers.
equally function of program dalet, each unit of measurement of the haganah was given a list with names of villages that they had to ethnically cleanse.
books to read: 'the ethnic cleansing of palestine' by ilan pappé
the deir yassin massacre
the deir yassin massacre took place on apr ninth, 1948. this was one of the worst massacres that happened during the nakba; over 110+ palestinians were murdered. people were burnt live, the village baker was thrown into his own stove, and a young daughter was gangraped by zionist soldiers to the bespeak where she was torn in ii.
during the violence that was taking identify between palestinians and jewish zionists, deir yassin had remained neutral. it had fifty-fifty signed a non-assailment pact with the zionists. simply despite this, zionist forces still ethnically apple-pie the village. this shows that zionists had no intentions on allowing palestinians to stay, and wanted to become rid of as many equally they could.
nakba; catastrophe
nakba means catastrophe in arabic — it also refers to the 1948 mass expulsion and exile of more than 750,000 palestinians from their homes. many also refer to the nakba every bit the flow betwixt 1947 and 1949 — during this flow, thousands of palestinians were ruthlessly murdered past zionist forces.
by may 1948, almost half the palestinian population was exiled from their homes; many were forced into refugee camps, and many were forced to move to neighbouring countries such as jordan or lebanon.
the nakba also resulted in one of the worst refugee crises, with over 7 million palestinian refugees in the following decades; almost of these palestinians are not allowed to render home. the 'correct of return' refers to the bones homo correct of palestinians to return to their homes; only state of israel continues to deny them this right.
the six-day war
the half-dozen-twenty-four hour period state of war began on june 5th, 1967 and last six days. it was fought between arab countries (arab republic of egypt, syria, iraq, hashemite kingdom of jordan) and state of israel. the state of war began when state of israel attacked air force bases in the sinai peninsula of arab republic of egypt.
israel eventually won; equally a result, it occupied the gaza strip, the west bank, east jerusalem, the sinai peninsula (arab republic of egypt), and the golan heights (syria). the 6-day war saw another moving ridge of mass expulsion; some 300,000 palestinians were forced out of their homes.
zionists will tell you that the six-day war was a state of war of defence, but history and facts say otherwise. israeli leaders said that in 1967, they completed what they couldn't in 1948. this farther proves that no point in history did the israelis plan on peacefully co-existing alongside palestinians, or allowing for the existance of a palestinian state.
the first intifada
intifada; tremor, shivering, shuddering / refers to the ii palestinian uprisings against israeli occupation
during the '80s, tensions between palestinians and israelis grew to an farthermost loftier due to israeli soldiers and settlers murdering palestinians all throughout the country.
the starting time intifada began on december 8, 1987 after an israeli army truck collection into a car that killed 4 palestinians in the jabalya refugee army camp. protests broke out all over occupied palestine against the israeli state, and many protests took place in neighbouring countries likewise. the first intifada lasted from 1987 to the early '90s. these protests included boycotts, and many palestinians refused to work in israel or for israeli companies.
israel responded to these protests with extreme violence. orders were given for israeli soldiers to intermission the bones of palestinian protestors; there are countless videos of israeli soldiers intentionally breaking the arms and legs of palestinian protestors. the man who gave the order, yitzhak rabin, later became the prime minister of israel.
two years afterward the intifada started, more than than 12,000 palestinians were sent to israeli prisons. betwixt 1987 and 1989, more than than 30,000 palestinian children needed medical attending due to israeli brutality.
the oslo accords
the oslo accords were 2 peace agreements signed between the palestinian liberation organization (plo), and the state of israel; the first one signed in 1993, and the 2nd in 1995. the plo claimed that israel has a 'correct to exist', and israel recogized the plo as the representative of the palestinian people.
although the oslo accords were meant to 'benefit' the palestinian people by giving them a sovereign palestinian state and to finally provide a solution to the arab-israeli problem, all they actually did was allow israel to occupy even more palestinian state. as office of the negotiations, ehud barak, the israeli prime number minister at the time, demanded that: palestine exist demilitarized, that information technology take no independent economical or foreign policy, and that the only power palestine truly accept would be over domestic diplomacy only. palestinian refugees' right of return was not up for negotiation any.
the second intifada
the second intifada began on september 28, 2000 and lasted four years. unlike the first intifada, the second intifada was function of an armed struggle against state of israel and saw much more violence. one of the reasons that resulted in the 2d intifada was the failure of the peace process that was taking place throughout the '90s; tensions were all the same high between palestinians and israelis.
during the second intifada, many palestinian leaders were arrested, and some were assassinated. many palestinians took part in armed resistance; this included firing at israeli soldiers, throwing rocks at israeli tanks and vehicles, and in some cases, suicide bombings. in 2002, the state of israel destroyed the jenin refugee camp, located in the northward of the due west bank.
israel began building an apartheid wall between the west bank and the land of israel; this was condemned and accounted illegal by the international court of justice.
today, israel is the but land in the world that tries minors (merely e'er palestinian children) in war machine court.
current day
what is happening correct now?
gaza strip
west bank
trump'south 'deal of the century'
annexation of the west bank
what is happening right now?
israel continues to ethnically cleanse, displace, exile, and uproot palestinians from their homes. today, palestinians are divided between the west bank, gaza strip, "israel", and the diaspora.
map of occupied palestine
gaza
the gaza strip is a small-scale strip of country located near the sinai border of egypt and israel. it is the globe's biggest open air prison, with a population of almost two million people; the gaza strip has i of the highest population densities in the entire world. it is besides nearly impossible to both enter or leave the gaza strip.
there is likewise a siege and blockade on the gaza strip. nigh everything going in and out is controlled past the israeli government. gazan infrastructure has actually been affected by this; the healthcare and agricultural sectors take especially been severely affected.
israel also calculates the calorie intake going into the gaza strip so that the palestinians living there stay on the brink of starvation. although it was denied at starting time, many israeli officials take admitted to this themselves.
source | source | source
today, israel continues to bomb gaza nether the excuse of 'bombing hamas terrorists'. however, these bombings only always damage civilians.
at that place are active protests happening at the gaza-state of israel edge, where many palestinian protestors have been killed by israeli soldiers. these protests began with the great march of return on march 30th, 2018. since then, the state of israel has killed more than 300 palestinians, and injured almost 20,000. the main goal of these protests is to end the siege on gaza, and the right of return.
during these protests, many medics and journalists have also been killed by israeli soldiers despite their identity every bit such being articulate; this once again shows that israeli violence towards palestinians knows no premises.
the west bank
the west bank is separated from israel by an apartheid wall that the israeli state began edifice during the second intifada. this apartheid wall non just separates the west banking concern from israel, but many palestinian towns and cities from each other. within its borders, the west bank is further divided between surface area a, expanse b, and expanse c.
today, there are well-nigh 400,000 israeli settlers living in over 100 illegal settlements throughout the westward bank. these settlers are given israeli-only roads to use for easy commute, and are protected past an agile israeli military presence. israeli settlements and the settler population go along to grow at a fast rate.
there are also over 100 checkpoints throughout the west bank. palestinians living in the w bank have to cross checkpoints for nearly every aspect of their lives; school, work, markets, travel to neighbouring cities or other areas. at these checkpoints, at that place is rampant corruption and sexual assault that takes identify. crossing the checkpoints can take hours, and more often than not depends on the officers and their mood.
in the west banking concern, the israeli state also regularly demolishes homes of palestinian families; this is another form of continued ethnic cleansing. israeli soldiers also abort palestinian children and detain them in israeli prisons.
trump's 'deal of the century'
in january 2020, united states president donald trump appear his "peace plan" for palestine-israel, calling it the 'deal of the century'.
the plan was to give even more territory to state of israel, and to farther dissever palestine into even more enclaves or 'bantustans'. once again, this peace plan, like many other peace plans, took place in utter disregard of what the palestinian people want. the palestinian people had no say in trump's 'bargain of the century'.
many zionists blame the connected 'conflict' on the palestinians and their refusal to accept a "peace plan". however, palestinians do not have to accept their own colonization, or any plans that would further apartheid in the occupied country. this peace plan is just some other way to legitimize israeli settler-colonialism.
map of trump'due south proposed peace plan
looting of the westward depository financial institution
on may 28, 2020, the prime government minister of israel, benjamin netanyahu, appear that he would annex israeli settlements located in the west banking company starting july 1st. this means that the land these illegal settlements were congenital on would officially be under the state of israel.
hundreds of thousands of palestinians beyond the westward bank are at adventure of losing their homes and their livelihoods if netanyahu goes through with the looting. this will certainly make tensions in the west banking concern worse.
the exact details of what areas netanyahu plans to addendum, and how, are unclear — all the same, it is said that he means to take surface area c and the hashemite kingdom of jordan valley (which accounts for i-third of the west depository financial institution). state of israel has ever fabricated it clear that they mean to have the westward banking concern — talks of annexation have been going on for many years, and they certainly won't stop afterward this. again, this plan for annexation shows that the country of israel has no intention to live peacefully with palestinians.
"if israel declines to pursue annexation this year, the want to annex doesn't go away. the country volition revive it side by side yr or the year later. the problem is 1 of credo, not of policy. " — steve salaita
map of the westward bank, and areas a, b, and c,
map of the hashemite kingdom of jordan valley that netanyahu plans to annex
the bds movement
what is the bds motion?
in addition to bds
boycotts, divestment, sanctions
the bds motility began in 2005, and was started past omar barghouti and a grouping of other palestinian activists. today, it was i of the nigh powerful forms of protest used by palestinians in both occupied palestine, as well equally around the earth. it is inspired by the s african anti-apartheid movement.
yous can learn more almost the bds motility on the official website: bdsmovement.cyberspace
omar barghouti has also written a book called 'boycott, divestment, sanctions: the global struggle for palestinian rights'.
how to further help palestinians
in add-on to the bds motion and other ways to help listed in the by few pages, here are some additional ways yous tin can help and back up palestinians
— heighten awareness irl; at dwelling, at school/uni, in friend circles so that people are aware of what's going on
— donations, donations, donations.
— support palestinian businesses, especially those in palestine!!
do petitions aid?
while you're complimentary to sign online petitions regarding middle eastern bug, they very rarely (if at all) help or make a deviation. most of these petitions go unnoticed by those who you lot're appealing to, then your time and energy would be better spent elsewhere where things would actually make a departure or materially assistance heart eastern people. countless petitions have been signed over the years regarding wars and other bug in the middle due east, yet they have all failed to bring any lasting change; that is all you demand to know whether it's worth information technology to sign them or non.
where to donate
hither is a list of organizations and charities that yous can donate to in order to assistance palestinians materially:
— bds move
— project rozana
— al-shabaka
— adalah justice project
— electronic intifada
— institute for middle east agreement
— medical aid for palestinians
— palestine children'south relief fund
— addameer
— salve the children
— international medical corps
— united states campaign for palestinian rights
— homo business organisation international
i hope you found this carrd helpful in learning nigh palestine! i'll try to add more to it as regularly as i can.
from the river to the sea,
palestine will be free.
Source: https://free-palestine.carrd.co/
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